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<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>fsck</span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%;text-autospace:none'><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";color:black;vertical-align:sub'>检查或者修复指定的文件系统，可以是设备名、挂载点，还可以是一个<span
lang=EN-US>ext2</span>的<span lang=EN-US>label</span>，或者是一个<span lang=EN-US>UUID</span>。此命令的适用范围：<span
lang=EN-US>RedHat</span>、<span lang=EN-US>RHEL</span>、<span lang=EN-US>Ubuntu</span>、<span
lang=EN-US>CentOS</span>、<span lang=EN-US>SUSE</span>、<span lang=EN-US>openSUSE</span>、<span
lang=EN-US>Fedora</span>。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>1</span></b><b><span style='font-family:
"Microsoft YaHei"'>、语法</span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%'><b><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>fsck  [</span></b><b><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>选项<span lang=EN-US>]  –t  systype  device</span></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%'><b><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>fsck  [-sAVRTMNP]  [-C [fd]]  [-t
fstype]  [filesys...]  [--]  [fs-specific-options]</span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>&nbsp;</span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>2</span></b><b><span style='font-family:
"Microsoft YaHei"'>、选项列表</span></b></p>

<table class=MsoTableGrid border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="95%"
 style='width:95.0%;margin-left:24.1pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  background:#E7E6E6;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>选项</span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-left:none;background:#E7E6E6;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>说明</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-s</span></b></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>检查的序列。如果有多个文件系统需要检查，那么按照顺序来操作。注意：<span
  lang=EN-US>e2fsck(8)</span>默认以交互模式运行。要使<span lang=EN-US>e2fsck(8)</span>在非交互式模式下运行，必须指定<span
  lang=EN-US>-p</span>或<span lang=EN-US>-a</span>选项，如果希望自动更正错误，则必须指定<span
  lang=EN-US>-n</span>选项。</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr style='height:32.35pt'>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:32.35pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-t </span></b><u><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>fslist</span></u></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:32.35pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>指定要检查的文件系统的类型。当指定<span
  lang=EN-US>-A</span>标志时，只检查与<span lang=EN-US>fslist</span>匹配的文件系统。<span
  lang=EN-US>fslist</span>参数是以逗号分隔的文件系统和选项说明符列表。这个逗号分隔的列表中的所有文件系统都可能以否定操作符<span
  lang=EN-US>“no”</span>或<span lang=EN-US>“</span>！<span lang=EN-US>”</span>作为前缀，该操作符要求只检查<span
  lang=EN-US>fslist</span>中未列出的文件系统。如果<span lang=EN-US>fslist</span>中的所有文件系统都不以否定操作符作为前缀，那么将只检查<span
  lang=EN-US>fslist</span>中列出的文件系统。</span></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>选项说明符可能包含在逗号分隔的<span
  lang=EN-US>fslist</span>中。它们必须具有“<span lang=EN-US>opts=s-option</span>”的格式。如果存在选项说明符，那么只有在“<span
  lang=EN-US>/etc/fstat</span>”的挂载选项字段中包含<span lang=EN-US>s-option</span>的文件系统才会被检查。如果选项说明符以否定操作符为前缀，那么只有那些没有<span
  lang=EN-US>fs-option</span>的文件系统才会被选中。在它们的挂载选项字段“<span lang=EN-US>/etc/ffstab</span>中”将被检查。例如，如果“<span
  lang=EN-US>opts=ro</span>”出现在<span lang=EN-US>fslist</span>中，那么只会检查“<span
  lang=EN-US>/etc/fstab</span>”中列出的带有<span lang=EN-US>ro</span>选项的文件系统。</span></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>为了兼容<span
  lang=EN-US>Mandrake</span>发行版，它的引导脚本依赖于对<span lang=EN-US>fsck</span>程序的未经授权的<span
  lang=EN-US>ui</span>更改，如果在<span lang=EN-US>fslist</span>中找到了一个文件系统类型的循环，就会将它视为将<span
  lang=EN-US>opts=loop</span>指定为<span lang=EN-US>-t</span>选项的参数。</span></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>通常，文件系统类型是通过在“<span
  lang=EN-US>/etc/fstab</span>”文件中搜索文件并使用相应的条目来推断的。如果无法推断该类型，并且只有一个文件系统作为<span
  lang=EN-US>-t</span>选项的参数，<span lang=EN-US>fsck</span>将使用指定的文件系统类型。如果该类型不可用，则使用默认的文件系统类型<span
  lang=EN-US>(</span>当前<span lang=EN-US>Ext 2)</span>。</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-A</span></b></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>遍历“<span
  lang=EN-US>/etc/fstab</span>”文件，并尝试在一次运行中检查所有文件系统。此选项通常来自“<span lang=EN-US>/etc/rc</span>”系统初始化文件，而不是用于检查单个文件系统的多个命令。除非指定了<span
  lang=EN-US>-P</span>选项<span lang=EN-US>(</span>见下文<span lang=EN-US>)</span>，否则将首先检查根文件系统。之后，将按照“<span
  lang=EN-US>/etc/fstab</span>”文件中<span lang=EN-US>fs_passno(</span>第六个<span
  lang=EN-US>)</span>字段指定的顺序签入文件系统。跳过<span lang=EN-US>fs_passno</span>值为<span
  lang=EN-US>0</span>的文件系统，将检查<span lang=EN-US>fs_passno</span>值大于零的文件系统。如果有多个文件系统具有相同的通行号，<span
  lang=EN-US>fsck</span>将尝试并行地检查它们，尽管它将避免在同一个物理磁盘上运行多个文件系统检查。</span></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>fsck</span><span style='font-family:
  "Microsoft YaHei"'>不与任何其他设备并行检查堆叠设备。因此，在“<span lang=EN-US>/etc/fstab</span>“文件中非常常见的配置是将根文件系统设置为<span
  lang=EN-US>fs_passno</span>值为<span lang=EN-US>1</span>，并将所有其他文件系统设置为<span
  lang=EN-US>fs_passno</span>值为<span lang=EN-US>2</span>。如果由于某种原因需要避免多个文件系统检查并行运行，则选择不使用此配置。例如，如果有问题的机器内存不足，因此过多的分页会引起关注。</span></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>fsck</span><span style='font-family:
  "Microsoft YaHei"'>通常不会在调用文件系统的检查器之前检查设备是否实际存在。因此，如果文件系统特定的检查器返回致命错误，则不存在的设备可能导致系统在引导期间进入文件系统修复模式。“<span
  lang=EN-US>/etc/fstab</span>”挂载选项不会失败，可以让<span lang=EN-US>fsck</span>跳过不存在的设备。<span
  lang=EN-US>fsck</span>还跳过具有特殊文件系统类型<span lang=EN-US>AUTO</span>的不存在设备。</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-C </span></b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>[fs]</span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>显示检查的进度。显示支持这些文件系统检查程序的完成<span
  lang=EN-US>/</span>进度条<span lang=EN-US>(</span>目前只用于<span lang=EN-US>ext 2</span>和<span
  lang=EN-US>ext 3)</span>。<span lang=EN-US>Fsck</span>将管理文件系统检查器，以便它们中一次只显示一个进度条。<span
  lang=EN-US>gui</span>前端可以指定文件描述符<span lang=EN-US>fd</span>，在这种情况下，进度条信息将发送到该文件描述符。</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-M</span></b></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>不要检查已安装的文件系统，并返回安装文件系统的退出代码<span
  lang=EN-US>0</span>。</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-N</span></b></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>不执行检查操作，只是演示一下
  </span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-P</span></b></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>设置<span
  lang=EN-US>-A</span>标志时，与其他文件系统并行检查根文件系统。这不是世界上最安全的事情，因为如果根文件系统怀疑<span
  lang=EN-US>e2fsck(8)</span>可执行文件可能被破坏了！这个选项主要是为那些不希望将根文件系统重新划分为小型和紧凑<span
  lang=EN-US>(</span>这是真正正确的解决方案<span lang=EN-US>)</span>的系统管理员提供的。</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-R</span></b></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>当使用<span
  lang=EN-US>-a</span>标志检查所有文件系统时，跳过根文件系统</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-T</span></b></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>启动时不要显示标题</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-V</span></b></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>显示执行过程</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>fs-specific-options</span></b></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>fsck</span><span style='font-family:
  "Microsoft YaHei"'>不理解的选项被传递给特定于文件系统的检查器。这些参数不能使用参数，因为<span lang=EN-US>fsck</span>无法正确猜测哪些参数可以选择选项，哪些参数不能。后面的选项和参数被视为要传递给文件系统特定检查器的文件系统特定选项。</span></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>请注意，<span
  lang=EN-US>fsck</span>的设计并不是为了将任意复杂的选项传递给特定于文件系统的检查器。如果您正在做一些复杂的事情，请直接执行特定于文件系统的检查程序。如果您传递<span
  lang=EN-US>fsck</span>一些非常复杂的选项和参数，并且它没有按照您的预期执行，那么就不要将它报告为<span lang=EN-US>bug</span>。你几乎肯定在做一些不该用<span
  lang=EN-US>fsck</span>做的事。</span></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>不同文件系统特定<span
  lang=EN-US>fsck</span>的选项没有标准化。如果有疑问，请查阅文件系统特定检查器的手册页。虽然没有保证，但大多数文件系统检查程序都支持下列选项</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-a</span></b></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>自动修复文件系统。请注意<span
  lang=EN-US>e2fsck(8)</span>只支持向后兼容。此选项映射到<span lang=EN-US>e2fsck</span>的<span
  lang=EN-US>-p</span>选项，与某些文件系统检查器支持的<span lang=EN-US>-a</span>选项不同，该选项是安全的。</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-n</span></b></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>对于某些特定于文件系统的检查程序，<span
  lang=EN-US>-n</span>选项将导致<span lang=EN-US>fs</span>特定的<span lang=EN-US>fsck</span>避免试图修复任何问题，但只需将此类问题报告给<span
  lang=EN-US>stdout</span>。然而，并不是所有特定于文件系统的检查程序都是如此。特别是，如果给定该选项，<span
  lang=EN-US>fsck.reiserfs(8)</span>将不会报告任何损坏。<span lang=EN-US>fsck.minix(8)</span>根本不支持<span
  lang=EN-US>-n</span>选项。</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-r</span></b></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>以交互方式修复文件系统<span
  lang=EN-US>(</span>请求确认<span lang=EN-US>)</span>。注意：如果多个<span lang=EN-US>fsck</span>并行运行，使用此选项通常是个坏主意。还请注意，这是<span
  lang=EN-US>e2fsck</span>的默认行为；它仅出于向后兼容性的原因支持此选项。</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-y</span></b></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>对于某些特定于文件系统的检查程序，<span
  lang=EN-US>-y</span>选项将导致<span lang=EN-US>fs</span>特定的<span lang=EN-US>fsck</span>总是试图自动修复任何检测到的文件系统损坏。有时专家可能能够更好地手动驱动<span
  lang=EN-US>fsck</span>。请注意，并非所有特定于文件系统的检查程序都实现了此选项。特别是<span lang=EN-US>fsck.minix(8)</span>和<span
  lang=EN-US>fsck.lamfs(8)</span>不支持<span lang=EN-US>-y</span>选项。</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
</table>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
"Microsoft YaHei"'>&nbsp;</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>3</span></b><b><span style='font-family:
"Microsoft YaHei"'>、说明</span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%'><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>如果命令行上没有指定任何文件系统，并且没有指定<span lang=EN-US>-A</span>选项，<span
lang=EN-US>fsck</span>将默认为串行地检查<span lang=EN-US>/etc/fstat</span>中的文件系统。<span
lang=EN-US>fsck</span>指令可以有以下的返回值：</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:21.0pt;text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:
200%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>0</span><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>，没有错误。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:21.0pt;text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:
200%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>1</span><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>，文件系统错误更正。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:21.0pt;text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:
200%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>2</span><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>，系统应该重启。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:21.0pt;text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:
200%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>4</span><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>，系统错误没有更正。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:21.0pt;text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:
200%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>8</span><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>，操作错误。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:21.0pt;text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:
200%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>16</span><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>，语法错误。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:21.0pt;text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:
200%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>32</span><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>，用户取消<span lang=EN-US>fsck</span>。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:21.0pt;text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:
200%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>128</span><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>，共享库错误。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%'><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>检查多个文件系统时返回的退出代码是所检查的每个文件系统的退出代码的逐位<span
lang=EN-US>OR</span>。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%'><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>实际上，<span lang=EN-US>fsck</span>只是<span
lang=EN-US>linux</span>下可用的各种文件系统检查器<span lang=EN-US>(fsck.fstype)</span>的前端。文件系统特定的检查器首先在<span
lang=EN-US>/sbin</span>中搜索，然后在<span lang=EN-US>/etc/fs</span>和<span lang=EN-US>/etc</span>中搜索，最后在<span
lang=EN-US>PATH</span>环境变量中列出的目录中搜索。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
"Microsoft YaHei"'>&nbsp;</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>4</span></b><b><span style='font-family:
"Microsoft YaHei"'>、环境变量</span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>fsck</span><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>的执行收到以下环境变量的影响：</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>1</span><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>）<b><span lang=EN-US>FSCK_FORCE_ALL_PARALLEL</span></b>，如果设置了此环境变量，<span
lang=EN-US>fsck</span>将尝试并行运行所有指定的文件系统，而不管文件系统是否位于同一设备上。<span lang=EN-US>(</span>这对于<span
lang=EN-US>RAID</span>系统或高端存储系统<span lang=EN-US>(</span>如<span lang=EN-US>IBM</span>或<span
lang=EN-US>EMC</span>等公司销售的存储系统<span lang=EN-US>)</span>非常有用。<span lang=EN-US>)</span>请注意，<span
lang=EN-US>fs_passno</span>值仍被使用。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>2</span><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>）<b><span lang=EN-US>FSCK_MAX_INST</span></b>，这个环境变量将限制一次运行的文件系统检查器的最大数量。这允许具有大量磁盘的配置避免<span
lang=EN-US>fsck</span>一次启动过多的文件系统检查器，这可能会使系统上可用的<span lang=EN-US>CPU</span>和内存资源超载。为零，则可以生成无限数量的进程。这是当前的默认情况，但未来版本的<span
lang=EN-US>fsck</span>可能会尝试根据从操作系统收集会计数据自动确定可以运行多少个文件系统检查。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>3</span><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>）<b><span lang=EN-US>PATH</span></b>，<span
lang=EN-US>PATH</span>环境变量用于查找文件系统检查器，首先搜索一组系统目录：<span lang=EN-US>/sbin</span>、<span
lang=EN-US>/sbin/fs.d</span>、<span lang=EN-US>/sbin/fs</span>、<span lang=EN-US>/etc/fs</span>和<span
lang=EN-US>/etc/fs</span>，然后搜索路径环境中的一组目录。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>4</span><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>）<b><span lang=EN-US>FSTAB_FILE</span></b>，这个环境变量允许系统管理员覆盖<span
lang=EN-US>/etc/fstab</span>文件的标准位置，对于正在测试<span lang=EN-US>fsck</span>的开发人员也很有用。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
"Microsoft YaHei"'>&nbsp;</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>5</span></b><b><span style='font-family:
"Microsoft YaHei"'>、实例</span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%'><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>检查<span lang=EN-US>sdb4</span></span></p>

<table class=a0 border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="95%"
 style='width:95.0%;margin-left:24.1pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'>
 <tr style='height:14.9pt'>
  <td width=836 valign=top style='width:836.15pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  background:#E7E6E6;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:14.9pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'> [root@localhost
  ~]# [root@localhost ~]# <b>fsck -t swap /dev/sdb4</b></span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>fsck from
  util-linux-ng 2.17.2</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>e2fsck 1.41.12
  (17-May-2010)</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>/dev/sdb4 was not
  cleanly unmounted, </span></code><code><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
  line-height:200%;font-family:DengXian'>强制检查</span></code><code><span
  lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>.</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>Resize inode not
  valid.  </span></code><code><span style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;
  font-family:DengXian'>重建</span></code><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>&lt;y&gt;? </span></code><code><span
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:DengXian'>是</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>&nbsp;</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span style='font-size:
  10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:DengXian'>第一步</span></code><code><span
  lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>: </span></code><code><span
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:DengXian'>检查</span></code><code><span
  lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>inode,</span></code><code><span
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:DengXian'>块</span></code><code><span
  lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>,</span></code><code><span
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:DengXian'>和大小</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span style='font-size:
  10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:DengXian'>第二步</span></code><code><span
  lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>: </span></code><code><span
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:DengXian'>检查目录结构</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span style='font-size:
  10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:DengXian'>第</span></code><code><span
  lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>3</span></code><code><span
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:DengXian'>步</span></code><code><span
  lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>: </span></code><code><span
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:DengXian'>检查目录连接性</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>Pass 4: Checking
  reference counts</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span style='font-size:
  10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:DengXian'>第</span></code><code><span
  lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>5</span></code><code><span
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:DengXian'>步</span></code><code><span
  lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>: </span></code><code><span
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:DengXian'>检查簇概要信息</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>Free </span></code><code><span
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:DengXian'>块</span></code><code><span
  lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>s
  count wrong for </span></code><code><span style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:
  200%;font-family:DengXian'>簇</span></code><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'> #0 (7854,
  counted=7855).</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span style='font-size:
  10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:DengXian'>处理</span></code><code><span
  lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>&lt;y&gt;?
  </span></code><code><span style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;
  font-family:DengXian'>是</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>&nbsp;</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>Free </span></code><code><span
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:DengXian'>块</span></code><code><span
  lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>s
  count wrong (15722, counted=15723).</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span style='font-size:
  10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:DengXian'>处理</span></code><code><span
  lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>&lt;y&gt;?
  </span></code><code><span style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;
  font-family:DengXian'>是</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>&nbsp;</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>/dev/sdb4: ***** </span></code><code><span
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:DengXian'>文件系统已修改</span></code><code><span
  lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'> *****</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>/dev/sdb4:
  11/4096 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 661/16384 blocks</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>[root@localhost
  ~]# </span></code></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
</table>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
"Microsoft YaHei"'>     </span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
"Microsoft YaHei"'>&nbsp;</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
"Microsoft YaHei"'>&nbsp;</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:200%'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>Copyright@david 
zhytwj2018@163.com</span></p>

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